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	<title>EnglishGuide &#187; Zámená</title>
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		<title>Privlastňovacie zámená (possessive pronouns / adjectives)</title>
		<link>https://www.englishguide.sk/privlastnovacie-zamena-possessive-pronouns-adjectives/</link>
		<comments>https://www.englishguide.sk/privlastnovacie-zamena-possessive-pronouns-adjectives/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2014 17:22:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Marek Karafa]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zámená]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.englishguide.sk/?p=3527</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Obtiažnosť: &#160;&#160;&#160;Privlastňovacie zámena v angličtine &#8211; prívlastkový / samostatný tvar. Tento článok sa teda venuje &#8221; possesive pronouns / adjectives &#8220;. PRIVLASTŇOVACIE ZÁMENÁ nám pomáhajú vyjadriť vlastníctvo (= môj, tvoj, jeho&#8230;). Majú dva tvary: prívlastkový (my, your, his &#8230;.) samostatný (mine, &#8230; <a href="https://www.englishguide.sk/privlastnovacie-zamena-possessive-pronouns-adjectives/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pf-content"><b>Obtiažnosť: </b> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color=#0281D4><div class="H4" ><i class="fa fa-star"></i></div></font><p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: small;"><img class="alignleft  wp-image-1052" style="border: 0px;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/slovnedruhy.jpg" alt="slovnedruhy" width="64" height="64" />Privlastňovacie zámena v angličtine &#8211; prívlastkový / samostatný tvar. Tento článok sa teda venuje &#8221; possesive pronouns / adjectives &#8220;.</span></strong></p>
<p><span id="more-3527"></span></p>
<div>
<hr size="2" width="100%" />
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #800080;"><strong>PRIVLASTŇOVACIE ZÁMENÁ</strong></span> nám pomáhajú vyjadriť <strong>vlastníctvo (= môj, tvoj, jeho&#8230;)</strong>. Majú dva tvary:</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li><strong><span style="color: #000000;">prívlastkový</span></strong><span style="color: #000000;"> (my, your, his &#8230;.)</span></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #000000;">samostatný </span></strong><span style="color: #000000;">(mine, yours, his&#8230;)</span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<hr size="2" width="100%" />
</div>
<table style="background-color: #e6e6fa; border: 2px solid #000000;" border="2">
<thead>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>OSOBNÉ ZÁMENA</strong></span></td>
<td width="25*"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>PRÍVLASTKOVÝ TVAR</strong></span></td>
<td width="25*"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>SAMOSTATNÝ TVAR</strong></span></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><strong> I</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>my</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>mine</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><strong> you</strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"> (singular/plural)</span></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>your</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>yours</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><strong> he</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>his</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>his</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><strong> she</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>her</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>hers</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><strong> it</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>its</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>-</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><strong> we</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>our</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>ours</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25*"><strong> they</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>their</strong></td>
<td width="25*"><strong>theirs</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="background-color: #ccffff; color: #0000ff;">PRÍVLASTKOVÝ</span><span style="background-color: #ccffff;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"> T</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">VAR</span></span> privlastňovacích zámen</strong> používame <span style="color: #800080;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">pred podstatným menom</span></strong></span>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">This is <strong>my</strong> house.</span> (= Toto je <strong>môj</strong> dom.) -&gt; <strong>ZÁMENO </strong>+<strong> PODSTATNÉ MENO</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>His</strong> book is heavy.</span> (= <strong>Jeho</strong> kniha je ťažká) -&gt; <strong>ZÁMENO </strong>+<strong> PODSTATNÉ MENO</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="font-size: x-small; color: #000000;">Tento druh môžete v anglickej literatúre nájsť pod názvom <strong>POSSESIVE DETERMINERS / POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="background-color: #ccffff; color: #0000ff;">SAMOSTATNÝ TVAR</span> privlastňovacích zámen</strong> používame </span><span style="color: #800080;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">bez podstatného mena</span></strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">This house is <strong>mine</strong>.</span> (= Tento dom je <strong>môj</strong>.) -&gt; Za zámenom nenasleduje podstatné meno, preto musíme použiť SAMOSTATNÝ TVAR privlastňovacieho zámena &#8211; teda nie MY, ale MINE.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">This book is not <strong>his</strong>. </span>(= Táto kniha nie je <strong>jeho</strong>.) -&gt;</span> Z<span style="color: #000000;">a zámenom nenasleduje podstatné meno, preto musíme použiť SAMOSTATNÝ TVAR privlastňovacieho zámena &#8211; teda HIS. To ale vyzerá rovnako i v prívlastkovom i v samostatnom tvare.</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-size: x-small;">Tento druh môžete v anglickej literatúre nájsť pod názvom <strong>POSSESIVE PRONOUNS.</strong><br />
</span></p>
<div>
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</div>
<p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: large;">Vyhnite sa chybám!</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Po <strong>samostatnom tvare zámen</strong> nepoužívame &#8220;</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;"> </span>&#8216;s</strong></span><span style="color: #000000;"> &#8220;, ale iba &#8220;</span><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;"> s </span></strong><span style="color: #000000;">&#8220;, ktoré píšeme spolu so zámenom.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">Is this book <strong>ours</strong>?</span> <span style="color: #000000;">(<em><strong>! NIE</strong></em></span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">Is this book <del><strong>our&#8217;s</strong></del>?</span><span style="color: #000000;">)</span></li>
</ul>
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</div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Po<strong> samostatnom tvare zámen</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">nemôže</span> nasledovať <strong>podstatné meno</strong>. Ak nasleduje, použijeme <strong>prívlastkový tvar</strong>.<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br />
</span></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">This is<strong> her book</strong>.</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (<em><strong>! NIE</strong></em>  <span style="color: #ff0000;">This is <del><strong>hers</strong></del> book.</span>)</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">This book is <strong>her<span style="text-decoration: underline;">s</span></strong>.</span> (<em><strong>! NIE</strong></em>  <span style="color: #ff0000;">This book is <del><strong>her</strong></del>.</span>)</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<hr size="2" width="100%" />
</div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Pred privlastňovacím zámenom <strong>nepoužívame člen</strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #ff0000;">This is <del><strong>the</strong></del> her house.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #ff0000;">It is not <del><strong>a</strong></del> your book. It&#8217;s <strong><del>a</del></strong> mine.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<hr size="2" width="100%" />
</div>
<p>Nezamieňajte si <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>its</strong></span> a<span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong> it&#8217;s</strong></span>.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>it&#8217;s</strong> </span><span style="color: #000000;">(= <strong>skrátený tvar od IT IS alebo IT HAS</strong>) -</span><span style="color: #000000;">&gt;</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>It&#8217;s</strong> (= <em>it is</em>) 4 o&#8217;clock. / <strong>It&#8217;s</strong> been (= <em>it has</em>) snowing the whole day.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>its</strong> </span><span style="color: #000000;">(= <strong>privlastňovacie zámeno</strong>) </span></li>
</ul>
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</div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>ITS</strong></span> sa <span style="text-decoration: underline;">nepoužíva</span> v samostatnom tvare, ale iba v tvare <strong>prívlastkovom</strong> (= po podstatnom mene).</span></p>
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</div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Namiesto privlastňovacieho zámena</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">používame</span> často člen <strong>THE</strong>. Je to hlavne v tých prípadoch, kedy hovoríme o <strong>časti ľudského tela</strong>, pred ktorou <strong>umiestňujeme predložku</strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">He kissed me <strong>on the neck</strong>.<span style="color: #000000;"><br />
</span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Slovesá, ktoré často v týchto väzbách používame sú <span style="color: #0000ff;">KISS / BITE / TOUCH / HIT / PUNCH / STING</span> atd.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">THE používame v tejto situácií hlavne vtedy, ak štruktúra vety vyzerá takto: <strong>SLOVESO (niektoré z vyššie spomínaných) </strong>+<strong> OSOBNÉ ZÁMENO V PREDMETNOM TVARE (me, them, him&#8230;) </strong>+<strong> PREDLOŽKA </strong>+<strong> THE</strong> +<strong> ČASŤ ĽUDSKÉHO TELA.</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #000000;">V iných prípadoch, člen <strong>THE</strong> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">nepoužívame</span>, ale namiesto toho <span style="text-decoration: underline;">používame</span> <strong>PRIVLASŇOVACIE ZÁMENO</strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">I have got a snake <strong>on my leg</strong>.</span></span> <span style="color: #000000;">(<em><strong>! NIE</strong></em> <span style="color: #ff0000;">I have got a snake on <del><strong>the</strong></del> leg.</span>)</span></li>
</ul>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;">Ak chceme <strong>zdôrazniť</strong>, že niečo niekomu patrí a určite to nepatrí niekomu inému, pred privlastňovacie zámena umiestňujeme slovo <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">OWN</span> (= vlastný)</strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">They have got <strong>their own</strong> car. </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">They have got a car <strong>of their own</strong>.</span></li>
</ul>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;">Samostatný tvar privl. zámen často v angličtine nachádzame v štruktúrach, kde sa uplatňuje <strong>dvojitý genitív. </strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">a friend of <strong>mine</strong></span> (= môj priateľ)</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: x-small; color: #000000;">O tomto jave si povieme v niektorom z našich ďalších článkov.</span></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Zvratné, zdôrazňovacie a recipročné zámená</title>
		<link>https://www.englishguide.sk/zvratne-zdoraznovacie-a-reciprocne-zamena/</link>
		<comments>https://www.englishguide.sk/zvratne-zdoraznovacie-a-reciprocne-zamena/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Mar 2014 17:25:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Marek Karafa]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zámená]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.englishguide.sk/?p=2706</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Obtiažnosť: &#160;&#160;&#160; Tento článok vám bližšie objasní zvratné, zdôrazňovacie a recipročné anglické zámená. Základná stavba Zvratné a zdôrazňovacie (reflexive and emphatic pronouns) zámená tvoríme väčšinou pomocou privlastňovacích zámen (prípadne osobných) a -SELF (= jednotné číslo) alebo -SELVES (= množné číslo) Prehľad   jednotné číslo &#8230; <a href="https://www.englishguide.sk/zvratne-zdoraznovacie-a-reciprocne-zamena/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pf-content"><b>Obtiažnosť: </b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color=#0281D4><div class="H4" ><i class="fa fa-star"></i> <i class="fa fa-star"></i> <i class="fa fa-star"></i></div></font><p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: small;"><img class="alignleft  wp-image-1052" style="border: 0px;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/slovnedruhy.jpg" alt="slovnedruhy" width="64" height="64" /></span><span style="font-size: small; color: #000000;">Tento článok vám bližšie objasní zvratné, zdôrazňovacie a recipročné anglické zámená.</span></strong></p>
<p><span id="more-2706"></span></p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: x-large; color: #000000;">Základná stavba</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #800080;"><strong>Zvratné a zdôrazňovacie</strong> </span><em>(reflexive and emphatic pronouns)</em> zámená tvoríme väčšinou pomocou privlastňovacích zámen (prípadne osobných) a <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>-SELF</strong></span> (=<strong> jednotné číslo</strong>) alebo <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>-SELVES</strong></span> (= <strong>množné číslo</strong>)</span></p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: x-large; color: #000000;">Prehľad</span></strong></p>
<table style="background-color: #f0f8ff; border: 2px solid #0000ff;" border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small><small> </small></small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><small><small>jednotné číslo<br />
</small></small></strong></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><small><small>množné číslo<br />
</small></small></strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><small><small>1. osoba<br />
</small></small></strong></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>my<strong>self</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>our<strong>selves</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><small><small>2. osoba<br />
</small></small></strong></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>your<strong>self</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>your<strong>selves</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong><small><small>3. osoba<br />
</small></small></strong></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>him<strong>self</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>them<strong>selves</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small><small> </small></small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>her<strong>self</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small> </small></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small><small> </small></small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small>it<strong>self</strong><br />
</small></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #000000;"><small> </small></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">YOURSELF / YOURSELVES</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Dávajte si pozor na <strong>2. osobu jednotného a množného čísla</strong>:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">Are you enjoying <strong>your<span style="text-decoration: underline;">self</span></strong>?<span style="color: #000000;"> -&gt; <strong>Baví<span style="text-decoration: underline;">š</span> sa?</strong> (= jednotné číslo)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">Are you enjoying <strong>your<span style="text-decoration: underline;">selves</span></strong>?<span style="color: #000000;"> -&gt; <strong>Baví<span style="text-decoration: underline;">te</span> sa? </strong>(= množné číslo)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Použitie zvratných zámen</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #800080;"><strong>Zvratné zámená</strong></span> sa používajú predovšetkým ako <strong>predmet slovesa</strong>. Často ich používame rovnako aj <strong>po predložkách</strong>. </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Zvratné zámena vyjadrujú, že <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>podmet je totožný s predmetom</strong></span> (= dej smeruje k podmetu).</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">She was looking at <strong>herself</strong> in the mirror when he arrived.</span> &#8211; Pozrela sa na <strong>seba</strong>, keď prišiel.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He fell over and hurt <strong>himself</strong>.</span> &#8211; Spadol a zranil <strong>sa</strong>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Are you enjoying <strong>yourselves</strong>?</span> &#8211; Bavíte <strong>sa</strong>?</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He painted <strong>himself</strong>.</span> &#8211; Namaľoval <strong>sa</strong>.</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img class="size-full wp-image-2710 aligncenter" style="border: 0px;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/HIMSELF.jpg" alt="HIMSELF" width="410" height="130" /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;">Porovnajte:</span></strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He painted <strong>him</strong>.</span> &#8211; Namaľoval <strong>ho</strong>. (= ON namaľoval<strong> NIEKOHO INÉHO</strong>)<br />
</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He painted <strong>himself</strong>.</span> &#8211; Namaľoval <strong>sa</strong>. (= ON namaľoval<strong> SEBA / SA</strong>)</span></li>
</ul>
<div >
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</div>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Angličtina ≠ slovenčina</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">1)</span></strong> Niektoré slovesá sú v<strong> slovenčine <span style="color: #800080;">zvratné</span></strong>, no <strong>v angličtine</strong> sa <strong>so zvratným zámenom <span style="color: #800080;">nepoužívajú</span></strong>. Napr.: </span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">SIT DOWN</span></strong> (= posadiť sa, sadnúť si), </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">MEET</span></strong> (= stretnúť sa), </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">LAUGH</span></strong> (= smiať sa),</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">SMILE</span></strong> (= smiať sa),</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>CONCENTRATE</strong></span> (= sústrediť sa)</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">GET MARRIED </span></strong>(= oženiť sa / vydať sa), </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">AFFORD</span></strong> (= dovoliť si), </span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>RELAX</strong> </span>(= uvoľniť sa),</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>COMPLAIN </strong></span>(= sťažovať sa)</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>FEEL + adjective</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;">atd.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Ďalšie slovesá</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Existuje pár slovies, ktoré <strong><span style="color: #800080;">musia mať</span> vždy zvratné zámeno</strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>ABSENT</strong> <strong>yourself</strong> (from something)</span> &#8211; vzdialiť sa odkiaľ (neprísť)</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>PRIDE yourself </strong>on (doing) something </span>- byť hrdý na niečo, vychvaľovať sa čím</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Ďalšie slovesá, ktoré sa <strong>často <span style="color: #800080;">spájajú</span> so zvratnými zámenami</strong>:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">ENJOY oneself</span></strong> -<span style="color: #0000ff;"> Are you enjoying <strong>yourself</strong>?</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">HURT oneself</span></strong> &#8211; <span style="color: #0000ff;">I didn&#8217;t hurt <strong>myself</strong>.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Nasledujúce slovesá sa <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>zvyčajne <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ne</span>používajú</strong></span> so zvratnými zámenami:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">WASH</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">SHAVE</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">DRESS</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">UNDRESS</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">CHANGE (YOUR CLOTHES)</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">BATH</span></strong></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">I don&#8217;t <strong>shave</strong> every day.</span> &#8211; Neholím sa každý deň.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;"> S týmito slovesami môžeme použiť aj zvratné zámena a to vtedy, ak chceme <strong>dať dôraz</strong> na to, že vykonanie deja <strong>nie je</strong> za určitých podmienok <strong>jednoduché</strong>&#8230;</span></p>
<ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">My grandfather is unable to <strong>dress himself</strong>.<em><span style="color: #000000;"> (= this action is difficult&#8230;)</span></em></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Predložky, predložky, predložky&#8230;</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Po predložkách často používame:</span></p>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>osobné zámena v predmetovom tvare</strong></span> -&gt; me, you, him, her, it, us them</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>zvratné zámena </strong></span>-&gt; mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs</span></li>
</ol>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Po <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>miestnych predložkách </strong></span></span><span style="color: #000000;">zvyčajne používame <strong>osobné zámená v predmetovom tvare</strong>, ak je zrejmé (jasné), že zámeno sa vzťahuje k podmetu:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">She went abroad but didn&#8217;t take her boyfriend with <strong>her</strong>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">She didn&#8217;t have her passport with<strong> her</strong>.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">V niektorých situáciach môžeme použiť aj <strong>zvratné zámeno</strong>, ak chceme <strong>ujasniť význam</strong>:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">He bought this car for <strong>himself</strong>. (= not for someone else)</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Po slovesách<strong> TAKE / BRING</strong> vo význame &#8220;vziať (so sebou) / priniesť&#8221; &#8211; používame <strong>osobné zámená v predmetom tvare</strong>:<br />
</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #ff0000;">Take this with <del><strong>yourself</strong></del>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Take this with <strong>you</strong>.</span> &#8211; Toto si zober so sebou.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: x-large;">BY + zvratné zámeno (= without any help)</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>BY + zvratné zámeno</strong> </span>používame vo význame &#8220;<span style="color: #008000;"><strong>bez pomoci iných (= sám)</strong></span>&#8220;.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;">I<span style="color: #0000ff;"> did it <strong>by myself.</strong></span> &#8211; Urobil som to sám.</span></li>
</ul>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Zdôrazňovacie zámena</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Zvratné zámená</strong> používame aj ako</span> <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>zdôrazňovacie zámená</strong></span>. <span style="color: #000000;">Zdôrazňovacie zámená nám zdôrazňujú podmet. Zdôrazňovacie zámená prekladáme najčastajšie ako</span> &#8220;<span style="color: #008000;"><strong>sám / samotný</strong></span>&#8220;.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">The city <strong>itself</strong> is nice, but the roads are awful.<span style="color: #000000;"> (= <strong>Samotné</strong> mesto je pekné, ale cesty sú hrozné.)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">He will do it <strong>himself</strong>.<span style="color: #000000;"> (= Zdôrazňujeme to, že OSOBA, ktorá niečo urobí bude &#8220;ON&#8221; &#8211; nikto iný. Bude to on (nie ona, ani ja), kto niečo urobí&#8230;) -&gt;<strong> v tomto význame</strong> dávame zdôvarazňovacie zámeno zvyčajne <strong>na koniec vety.</strong></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<div >
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</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;" ><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Použijem -SELF alebo BY -SELF? </span></strong></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;" ></div>
<div style="text-align: left;" >
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">She will do it<strong> herself</strong>.</span> &#8211; Bude to ona sama, kto to urobí &#8211; nikto iný. (ani ja, ani jej mama, ani sestra &#8211; ale ONA)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">She will do it <strong>by herslf</strong>.</span> &#8211; Ona to urobí sama, bez pomoci druhých (nikto jej pri tom nebude asistovať).</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Toto je základný rozdiel medzi zvratnými zámenami a zvratnými zámenami po BY.</span></p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8230; HERSELF.</span></strong> =  it will be her and <strong>NOT ANYONE ELSE</strong>.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>&#8230; BY HERSELF.</strong> </span>= she will do it on her own, <strong>WITHOUT ANY HELP</strong>.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 120px;"><span style="font-size: x-small; color: #000000;"><strong>pozn.</strong> Toto pravidlo platí i pre ostatné osoby, my sme si to ukázali na zámene SHE.</span></p>
</div>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Recipročné zámená</span></strong></span></p>
<p>V angličtine za recipročné zámená považujeme <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>EACH OTHER</strong></span> a <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">ONE ANOTHER</span></strong>. Prekladáme ich ako &#8220;<span style="color: #008000;"><strong>navzájom / jeden druhého</strong></span>&#8220;.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">They hate <strong>each other</strong>.</span> &#8211; <strong>Vzájomne</strong> sa nenávidia.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">We always help<strong> one another</strong></span>. &#8211; Vždy si pomáhame <strong>navzájom</strong>.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">- SELVES vs. EACH OTHER</span></strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">Andy and Peter looked at<strong> themselves</strong>.</span> (&#8220;<span style="color: #008000;">Andy a Peter sa pozreli na seba.</span>&#8221; <span style="color: #000000;">= <strong>Andy sa pozrela na SEBA a Peter sa pozrel na SEBA. = videli sami seba</strong>)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">Andy and Peter looked at <strong>each other</strong>.</span> (&#8220;<span style="color: #008000;">Andy a Peter sa pozreli na seba.</span>&#8221; <span style="color: #000000;">= <strong>Andy sa pozrela na Petra a Peter na Andy = pozreli sa na seba navzájom</strong>)</span></li>
</ul>
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		<title>ANGLICKÉ ZÁMENÁ (pronouns) &#8211; úvod</title>
		<link>https://www.englishguide.sk/anglicke-zamena-pronouns-uvod/</link>
		<comments>https://www.englishguide.sk/anglicke-zamena-pronouns-uvod/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Mar 2014 10:50:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Marek Karafa]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Zámená]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.englishguide.sk/?p=2678</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Obtiažnosť: &#160;&#160;&#160; Tento článok je úvodom k ďalším študijným materiálom o zámenách na našej stránke. Ponúka prehľadné delenie anglických zámen.  OSOBNÉ  Podmetový tvar: I you he she it we you they Predmetový tvar: me you him her it us you &#8230; <a href="https://www.englishguide.sk/anglicke-zamena-pronouns-uvod/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pf-content"><b>Obtiažnosť: </b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color=#0281D4><div class="H4" ><i class="fa fa-star"></i> <i class="fa fa-star"></i></div></font><p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: small;"><img class="alignleft  wp-image-1052" style="border: 0px;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/slovnedruhy.jpg" alt="slovnedruhy" width="64" height="64" /></span><span style="font-size: small; color: #000000;">Tento článok je úvodom k ďalším študijným materiálom o zámenách na našej stránke. Ponúka prehľadné delenie anglických zámen.</span></strong></p>
<p><span id="more-2678"></span></p>
<div >
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<p><img class="size-full wp-image-2703 aligncenter" style="border: 0px;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ZÁMENA.jpg" alt="ZÁMENA" width="642" height="75" /></p>
<table style="background-color: #f5f5f5;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="180"><span style="color: #0000ff; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><strong> </strong><strong>OSOBNÉ</strong><strong> </strong></span></td>
<td valign="top" width="108"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Podmetový tvar: </span></strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">I</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">you</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">he</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">she</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="36"><span style="color: #000000;">it</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">we</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">you</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">they</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="108"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Predmetový tvar: </span></strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">me</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">you</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">him</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">her</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="36"><span style="color: #000000;">it</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">us</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">you</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">them</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="180"><span style="color: #0000ff; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><strong> </strong><strong>PRIVLASTŇOVACIE</strong></span></td>
<td valign="top" width="108"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Prívlastkový tvar:</span></strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">my</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">your</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">his</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">her</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="36"><span style="color: #000000;">its</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">our</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">your</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">their</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="108"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Samostatný tvar:</span></strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">mine</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">yours</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">his</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">hers</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="36">-</td>
<td valign="top" width="48"><span style="color: #000000;">ours</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">yours</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="60"><span style="color: #000000;">theirs</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="180"><span style="color: #0000ff; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><strong> </strong><strong>ZVRATNÉ A ZDÔRAZŇOVACIE</strong></span></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top" width="516"><span style="color: #000000;">myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"> ourselves, yourselves, themselves</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="180"><span style="color: #0000ff; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><strong> </strong><strong>RECIPROČNÉ</strong></span></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top" width="516"><span style="color: #000000;">each other, one another</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="180"><span style="color: #0000ff; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><strong> </strong><strong>UKAZOVACIE</strong></span></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top" width="516"><span style="color: #000000;">this, that, these, those</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="180"><span style="color: #0000ff; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><strong> </strong><strong>OPYTOVACIE</strong></span></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top" width="516"><span style="color: #000000;">who, whom, whose, what, which</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="180"><span style="color: #0000ff; background-color: #f5f5f5;"><strong> </strong><strong>VZŤAŽNÉ</strong></span></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top" width="516"><span style="color: #000000;">who, whom, whose, which, that</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="180"><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong> </strong></span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>NEURČITÉ</strong></span></span></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top" width="516"><span style="color: #000000;">someone, somebody, something</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"> anyone, anybody, anything</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"> no one, nobody, nothing</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"> everyone, everybody, everything</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;">Doterajšie spracované články týkajúce sa jednotlivých skupín zámen:</span></strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.englishguide.sk/privlastnovacie-zamena-possessive-pronouns-adjectives/">Privlastňovacie zámena (possessive pronouns / adjectives)</a></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.englishguide.sk/zvratne-zdoraznovacie-a-reciprocne-zamena/">Zvratné, zdôrazňovacie a recipročné zámena</a></strong></li>
</ul>
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