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	<title>EnglishGuide &#187; Nepriama reč</title>
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		<title>Nepriama reč (reported speech)</title>
		<link>https://www.englishguide.sk/nepriama-rec-reported-speech/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jan 2015 18:56:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Marek Karafa]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Nepriama reč]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Obtiažnosť: &#160;&#160;&#160; Nepriama reč (reported speech / indirect speech) v angličtine. PRIAMA REČ (DIRECT SPEECH)  NEPRIAMA REČ (INDIRECT SPEECH / REPORTED SPEECH) PRIAMU REČ používame vtedy, ak podávame niekoho prejav v presne tom znení, ako bol hovoriacim podaný &#8211; presne opakujeme &#8230; <a href="https://www.englishguide.sk/nepriama-rec-reported-speech/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pf-content"><b>Obtiažnosť: </b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color=#0281D4><div class="H4" ><i class="fa fa-star"></i> <i class="fa fa-star"></i> <i class="fa fa-star"></i></div></font><p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: small;"><img class="alignleft wp-image-2788" style="border: 0px;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/AAa.jpg" alt="AAa" width="70" height="67" /></span><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 10pt;">Nepriama reč (reported speech / indirect speech) v angličtine.</span><br />
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<td style="width: 307px; height: 5px; text-align: center; background-color: #c4ed21;" width="307"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">PRIAMA REČ (DIRECT SPEECH)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></strong></span></td>
<td style="width: 307px; height: 1px; text-align: center; background-color: #c4ed21;" width="307"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">NEPRIAMA REČ (INDIRECT SPEECH / REPORTED SPEECH)</span></strong></span></td>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>PRIAMU REČ </strong>používame vtedy, ak <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>podávame niekoho prejav v presne tom znení, ako bol hovoriacim podaný &#8211; presne opakujeme hovoriaceho slová.</strong></span></span></li>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;">Na uvedenie priamej reči <strong>používame úvodzovky</strong> (&#8221; &#8220;)</span></li>
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<li><span style="color: #800080;"><strong>Výrok reprodukujeme bez akejkoľvek zmeny</strong>.</span></li>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></td>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>NEPRIAMU REČ</strong> používame vtedy, ak chceme <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>reprodukovať (prerozprávať) obsahovo presne, čo hovoriaci povedal, no nie podaním doslovného výroku (za použitia presných slov hovoriaceho)</strong></span>.</span></li>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;">V nepriamej reči dochádza k <strong>zmene zámen i slovesných časov</strong>.</span></li>
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<li><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #800080;"><strong>Sloveso vo vete, ktorá uvádza výrok je zvyčajne v minulom čase.</strong></span></li>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Výrok z priamej reči posúvame v nepriamej reči o jeden čas &#8220;naspäť&#8221;. </strong></span><span style="color: #000000;">Navyše, na uvedenie nepriamej reči <strong>nepoužívame úvodzovky</strong> (&#8221; &#8220;)</span></li>
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<td style="width: 307px; height: 5px;" width="307"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I am happy.&#8221;</span></p>
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<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I am happy,&#8221; Fiona said.</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I am happy,&#8221; said Fiona.</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Fiona said: &#8220;I am happy.&#8221;</span></strong></li>
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<td style="width: 307px; height: 5px;" width="307"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I am happy.&#8221;</span></p>
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<li><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">She said (that) she was happy.</span></strong></li>
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<p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 18pt;">Stavba vety</span></strong></p>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Uvádzacia veta</strong> (so slovesami ako <span style="color: #0000ff;">SAY / TELL / ASK</span> apod. zvyčajne v minulom čase)</span></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Veta, ktorá samotný reprodukovaný výrok obsahuje.</span></strong></li>
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<p class="p" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">reporting clause</span></strong></p>
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<p class="p" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">reported clause</span></strong></p>
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<p class="p"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He <b class="b">said</b>,</span></p>
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<p class="p"><span style="color: #0000ff;">“I need your love.”</span></p>
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<p class="p"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He <strong>said</strong></span></p>
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<p class="p"><span style="color: #0000ff;">he’ll help me.</span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Slovesá SAY / TELL v uvádzacích vetách</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Nepriamu reč načastejšie uvádzajú slovesá <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">SAY / TELL</span></strong>. Nie sú však jediné, no robia najväčšie problémy. V akých štruktúrach / väzbách sa používajú sa viac dočítate v tomto článku: </span><strong><a href="http://www.englishguide.sk/kamen-urazu-3-say-tell-talk-speak/" target="_blank">Kameň úrazu #3 – SAY, TELL, TALK, SPEAK</a></strong>. <span style="color: #000000;">Pri nepriamej reči je znalosť tejto dvojice veľmi dôležitá, preto si tento článok rozhodne dôkladne preštudujte.</span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Zmeny v nepriamej reči</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Zmeny (slovesných) časov</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Pri tvorbe nepriamej reči z priamej reči sa na sloveso <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #800080; text-decoration: underline;"><strong>po uvádzacej vete v minulom čase</strong></span></span> (napr. <span style="color: #0000ff;">S</span>h<span style="color: #0000ff;">e <strong>told</strong> me that &#8230;</span>) uplatní <span style="text-decoration: underline;">súslednosť časov</span>. <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>Výrok z priamej reči posúvame v nepriamej reči o jeden čas &#8220;naspäť&#8221;:</strong></span></span></p>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>prítomný čas jednoduchý</strong></span> → <strong>minulý čas jednoduchý</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">prítomný čas priebehový</span> </strong>→ <strong>minulý čas priebehový</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>predprítomný čas jednoduchý</strong></span> → <strong>predminulý čas jednoduchý</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>predprítomný čas priebehový</strong></span> → <strong>predminulý čas priebehový</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">minulý čas jednoduchý</span> </strong>→ <strong>predminulý čas jednoduchý</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>minulý čas priebehový</strong></span> → <strong>predminulý čas priebehový</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>budúci čas s &#8220;WILL&#8221; </strong></span>→ <strong>would</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>be going to</strong></span> → <strong>was / were going to</strong></span></li>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; text-align: center; background-color: #c4ed21;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;">NEPRIAMA REČ</span></strong></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>study</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>studied</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;"> &#8220;I <strong>am studying</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>was studying</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>have studied</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he<strong> had studied</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>have been studying</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>had been studying</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>studied</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>had studied</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I<strong> was studying</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he<strong> had been studying</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>will study</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>would study</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;"> &#8220;I <strong>am going to study</strong>,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>was going to study</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He told me he <strong>had hated</strong> science at school.</span> (= veta v priamej reči: &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">I <strong>hated</strong> science at school.</span>&#8220;)</span></li>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Minulý čas jednoduchý</strong> sa mení na predminulý, no často ho pri prevode z priamej do nepriamej reči môžeme vo vete ponechať bez zmeny, najmä vtedy, ak veta obsahuje príslovkové určenie času alebo čas je z kontextu logicky známy a jasný.</span></p>
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<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">All students <span style="text-decoration: underline;">knew</span> (that) the war <strong>(had) started</strong> in 1939.</span></li>
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<p><strong>Predminulý čas</strong> sa nemení!</p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Minulý priebehový</strong> ostáva zvyčajne bez zmeny, ak ho prevádzame do nepriamej reči. </span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>was cooking</strong> the dinner while Peter <strong>was listening</strong> to the radio.&#8221;</span> → <span style="color: #0000ff;">He said he <strong>was cooking</strong> the dinner while Peter <strong>was listening</strong> to the radio.</span></span></li>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Predminulý čas</strong> v nepriamej reči sa môže vzťahovať až k<strong> trom odlišných časom v priamej reči</strong>. Presný význam nám vždy naznačí kontext, z ktorého daná veta pochádza:</span></p>
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<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I<strong>&#8216;ve done </strong>my homework.&#8221;</span> → <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said she<strong>&#8216;d done </strong>her homework.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>did</strong> my homework last week.&#8221;</span> → <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said she<strong>&#8216;d done </strong>her homework the week before.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I<strong>&#8216;d done my homework</strong> before, but I did it again.&#8221;</span> → <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said she<strong>&#8216;d done </strong>her homework before.</span></span></li>
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<p><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Zmeny pri modálnych slovesách</span></strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>WILL</strong></span> → <strong>WOULD</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">CAN</span></strong> → <strong>COULD (ALEBO WOULD BE ABLE TO)</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>SHALL</strong></span> → <strong>WOULD</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>SHALL </strong>v ponukách a návrhoch</span> → <strong>SHOULD</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>MAY </strong><em>(ak vyjadruje &#8220;možnosť&#8221;) </em></span>→ <strong>MIGHT</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>MAY </strong><em>(ak vyjadruje &#8220;povolenie&#8221;)</em><strong> </strong></span>→ <strong>COULD</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">MUST </span></strong><span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>(ak vyjadruje &#8220;istotu&#8221;)</em></span><em> </em>→ <strong>bez zmeny</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">MUST </span></strong><span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>(ak vyjadruje &#8220;povinnosť&#8221;)</em></span> → <strong>HAD TO / MUST</strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">COULD / MIGHT / OUGHT TO / USED TO / WOULD</span></strong> → <strong>bez zmeny</strong></span></li>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; text-align: center; background-color: #c4ed21;" width="183"><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;">PRIAMA REČ</span></strong></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; text-align: center; background-color: #c4ed21;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;">NEPRIAMA REČ</span></strong></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>will study</strong> hard,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>would study</strong> hard.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>can</strong> sing very well,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>could</strong> sing very well.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;We <strong>shall</strong> help you,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">They said (that) they <strong>would</strong> help me.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&#8221;<strong>Shall</strong> I open the window,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He aked if he<strong> should</strong> open the window.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>may</strong> be back later,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>might</strong> be back later.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;You <strong>may</strong> do it,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) we<b> could </b>do it.</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;He <strong>must</strong> have some problems,&#8221; she said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">She said (that) he <strong>must</strong> have some problems</span></td>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I<strong> must</strong> do it,&#8221; he said.</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said (that) he <strong>had to</strong> do it.</span></td>
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<p><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Zmeny pri príslovkách</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Príslovky a príslovkové určenia</strong> z priamej reči do nepriamej meníme nasledovne:</span></p>
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<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; text-align: center; background-color: #c4ed21;" width="183"><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;">PRIAMA REČ</span></strong></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; text-align: center; background-color: #c4ed21;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;">NEPRIAMA REČ</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">here</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">there</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">now</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">then / at that moment</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">today, tonight, this morning / week &#8230;</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">that day, that night, that morning / week &#8230;</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">tomorrow</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">the next / following day</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">yesterday</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">the day before, the previous day</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">ago</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">before</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">last night / month</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">the night / month before, the previous month</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px;" width="183"><span style="color: #0000ff;">next week / year</span></td>
<td style="width: 183px; height: 5px; background-color: #66bfff;" width="264"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">the next / following week / year</span></strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">‘I’ll wait for you <b class="b">here tomorrow</b>,’  I said.</span> → <span style="color: #0000ff;">I told her I would wait for her <strong>there the next / following day</strong>.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Keď zámena THIS / THESE používame v<strong> príslovkových určeniach času</strong>, meníme ich na THAT / THOSE.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">this month</span> → <span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>that</strong> month</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">these years </span>→<span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong> those</strong> years</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Ak tieto zámena <strong>nie sú súčasťou príslovkových určení časov</strong>, postupujeme nasledovne. Porovnajte!</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;<strong>This</strong> book is interesting,&#8221; Fiona told me.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #000000;">→</span>  Fiona told me (that) <strong>the</strong> book was interesting</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Ak THIS / THESE / THAT / THOSE používame ako &#8220;prídavné meno&#8221; -<em> nachádza sa pred podstatným menom</em>, nahrádza ho v nepriamej reči &#8220;<strong>THE</strong>&#8220;.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;<strong>This</strong> is an interesting book,&#8221; Fiona said.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #000000;">→</span> Fiona said (that) <strong>it</strong> was an interesting book.</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Ak THIS / THESE / THAT / THOSE používame ako &#8220;zámeno&#8221; -<em> nenachádza sa pred podstatným menom</em>, nahrádza ho vo v nepriamej reči &#8220;<strong>IT</strong>&#8220;, poprípade &#8220;<strong>THEY / THEM</strong>&#8220;.</span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Zmeny pri zámenách</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Zámena sa v nepriamej reči pri reprodukovaní výroku z priamej reči menia podľa toho, kto reprodukuje koho priamu reč. Dôležitým faktorom je aj to, komu ju reprodukuje. Všetky tieto zmeny vychádzajú vždy z daného kontextu. Všimnite si!</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;">&#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>I</strong> love <strong>you.</strong></span>&#8221; sa v nepriamej reči zmení na napr. <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said <strong>she</strong> loved <strong>me</strong>.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #000000;">V priamej reči máme zámeno &#8220;I&#8221;- je to človek, ktorý výrok hovorí. Ak vetu prevedieme na nepriamu reč, musíme i toto zámeno zmeniť. Ak nemáme kontext, je veľmi komplikované určiť kto &#8211; komu niečo hovorí, preto sa vždy riadime podľa kontextu.</span></p>
<hr />
<p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 18pt;">Kedy k zmene (slovesných) časov nedochádza?</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #c4c4c4;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Ak sloveso (said, told apod.) uvádzajúce nepriamu reč je v prítomnom čase.</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Prítomný čas v uvádzajúcej vete vyjadruje, že výrok padol iba nedávno a je stále relevantný / aktuálny. V takýchto prípadoch nedochádza k zmene časov.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I<strong>&#8216;m</strong> hungry.&#8221;</span> →<span style="color: #0000ff;"> Peter <span style="text-decoration: underline;">says</span> he<strong>&#8216;s</strong> hungry.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #c4c4c4;"><strong>Ak výrok obsahuje všeobecné pravdy, stále stavy apod.</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;Water <strong>boils</strong> at 100 °C.&#8221; </span> →<span style="color: #0000ff;"> She said that water <strong>boils </strong>at 100 °C.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #c4c4c4;"><strong>Ak hovoriaci reprodukuje výrok hneď po tom ako bol vyslovený.</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>will</strong> take a bus,&#8221; she said. </span>→ <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said she <strong>will</strong> take a bus.</span> (bezprostredné / okamžité reprodukovanie, ktoré je aktuálne)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>will</strong> take a bus,&#8221; she said.</span> → <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said she <strong>would</strong> take a bus.</span> (neskoršie reprodukovanie, ktoré je už neaktuálne)</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="background-color: #c4c4c4;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Ak niečo, čo hovoriaci povedal stále platí (je aktuálne). Toto použitie sa vzťahuje hlavne na situácie, kedy je v priamej reči budúci čas. V takom prípade ho bez zmeny ponechávame aj v nepriamej reči.</span></strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">She said that she <strong>will</strong> cook the dinner.</span> &#8211; Povedala, že mi uvarí &#8211; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">stále na to čakám</span>.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">She said that she <strong>would</strong> cook the dinner.</span> &#8211;  Povedala, že mi uvarí &#8211; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">už na to nečakám</span> (buď mi už navarila alebo nie)</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="background-color: #c4c4c4;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Ak reprodukujeme vety, ktoré obsahujú druhý alebo tretí kondicionál.</span></strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><em>Druhý kondicionál:</em> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;If I <strong>won</strong> the lottery, I <strong>would</strong> travel the world,&#8221; she said.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #000000;">→ <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said (that) if she <strong>won</strong> the lottery, she <strong>would</strong> travel the world.</span></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><em><span style="color: #000000;">Tretí kondicionál:</span> </em><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;If I <strong>had taken</strong> a taxi, I <strong>wouldn’t have missed</strong> the plane,&#8221; she said. </span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #000000;">→</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">She said (that) if she <strong>had taken</strong> a taxi, she <strong>wouldn’t have missed</strong> the plane.</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000; background-color: #c4c4c4;"><strong>Ak reprodukujeme výrok, ktorý je v podstate citátom.</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">Dalai Lama said that <strong>we</strong> <strong>can</strong> never obtain peace in the outer world until <strong>we make</strong> peace with ourselves.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="background-color: #c4c4c4;"><strong><span style="color: #000000;">Ak reprodukujeme nejaký príbeh / historku, nie je za potreby meniť minulý čas na predminulý.</span></strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>was waiting</strong> for my wife, and I <strong>saw</strong> what <strong>happened</strong>,&#8221; he said.</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #000000;">→</span> He said he <strong>was waiting</strong> for his wife and <strong>saw</strong> what <strong>happened</strong>.</span></p>
<hr />
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Ďalšie situácie</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><img class="alignnone wp-image-851" style="border: none;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/123123.jpg" alt="123123" width="42" height="39" /> Ak hovoriaci reprodukuje niečo, o čom sa vie, že je to <strong>pravda (niečo, čo je platné)</strong>, časy <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>môžeme buď zmeniť </strong><span style="color: #000000;">alebo</span><strong> ponechať bez zmeny</strong></span>. Väčšinou sa uprednostňuje druhá možnosť.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>am</strong> interested in cooking,&#8221; he said.</span> (= pravda) → <span style="color: #0000ff;">He said that he <strong>is / was</strong> interested in cooking</span></span><span style="color: #0000ff;">.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;My sister <strong>works</strong> for the BBC,&#8221; he said.→ He told me his sister <strong>works</strong> for the BBC. <span style="color: #000000;">(= Je to stále platné, že pre BBC pracuje.)</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Naopak, ak však reprodukujeme niečo <strong>nepravdivé</strong> <strong>(niečo, čo je neplatné)</strong> (výrok hovoriaceho považujeme za nepravdivý), <strong><span style="color: #800080;">k zmene dôjsť musí</span></strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #000000;">PRIAMA REČ:</span> &#8220;I<strong> have</strong> <strong>had</strong> a serious accident,&#8221; he said to me.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #000000;">NEPRIAMA REČ:</span> He said to me that he <strong>had had</strong> a serious accident, but he escaped without injury.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">He claimed the Earth <strong>was</strong> flat.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #000000;"><img class="alignnone wp-image-851" style="border: none;" src="http://www.englishguide.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/123123.jpg" alt="123123" width="42" height="39" /> Ak reprodukujeme vetu, ktorej obsah je už <strong>neaktuálny</strong>, časy <span style="color: #800080;"><strong>zmeniť musíme</strong></span>. </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Ak je obsah vety však <strong>aktuálny</strong> v čase jej reprodukovania, časy <strong><span style="color: #800080;">môžeme ponechať bez zmeny </span></strong><span style="color: #800080;"><span style="color: #000000;">alebo</span></span> <strong><span style="color: #800080;">ich zmeniť</span></strong>.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>am</strong> going abroad <strong>next year</strong>,&#8221; he said. → He said (that) he <strong>was</strong> going abroad <strong>the following year</strong>.</span> (= táto veta je reprodukovaná po jeho odchode &#8211; je teda neaktuálna, k zmene dôjsť musí)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>am</strong> going abroad <strong>next year</strong>,&#8221; he said. → He said (that) he<strong> is</strong> going abroad <strong>next year</strong>.</span> (= táto veta je reprodukovaná pred jeho odchodom &#8211; je teda ešte stále aktuálna, k zmene dôjsť nemusí)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #0000ff;">The forecast said it <strong>was</strong> going to snow, and it did.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><em>(Saturday 13 May)</em> <span style="color: #0000ff;">Fiona said: &#8220;I <strong>have got</strong> a terrible headache.&#8221;</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;"><em>(Sunday 20 May)</em><span style="color: #0000ff;"> Fiona said (that) she <strong>had got</strong> a terrible headache.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Predstavte si situáciu, kde Nikola a Peter potrebujú nového zamestnanca do ich zabehnutej</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;">firmy, ktorá sídli v ich rodinnom dome. Nikola volá uchádzačovi. </span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;">Uchádzač odpovie: &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">I&#8217;ll be at your house at seven tomorrow morning</span>.&#8221;</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">O chvíľu neskôr Nikola reprodukuje, čo povedal uchádzač Petrovi.</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;">Nikola: &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">The applicant says <strong>he</strong>&#8216;ll be <strong>here</strong> at nine <span style="color: #000000;">tomorrow</span> morning.</span>&#8220;</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">V tomto prípade je hovoriaci odlišný, takže &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">I</span>&#8221; sa zmení z pôvodnej vety na &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">the applicant</span>&#8221; alebo &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">he</span>&#8220;. Hovoriaci, ktorý reprodukuje je na odlišnom mieste, čiže &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">at your house</span>&#8221; sa stáva &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">here</span>&#8221; z pohľadu Nikoly.</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Ďalší deň uchádzač nepríde. Nikol mu volá neskôr v ten istý deň.</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;">Nikola vraví: &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">You said you <strong>would</strong> be here at seven<strong> this</strong> morning.</span>&#8220;</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Teraz je čas o jeden deň neskôr, teda &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">tomorrow morning</span>&#8221; sa stáva &#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;">this morning</span>&#8220;. <strong>A sľub je teraz</strong> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">neaktuálny</span>, takže dochádza k posunu časov. WILL meníme na WOULD.</strong></span>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p><strong><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 18pt;">Preklad nepriamej reči do slovenčiny</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">Pri preklade anglickej nepriamej reči do slovenčiny uplatňujeme posun „<strong>o jeden čas dopredu</strong>“. Napr.:</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;I <strong>am</strong> happy,&#8221; he said.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said that he <strong>was</strong> happy.</span> → <span style="color: #008000;">Povedal, že <strong>je</strong> šťastný.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">He said that he <strong>was</strong> happy.</span> → <span style="color: #ff0000;">Povedal, že <del><strong>bol</strong></del> šťastný.</span> (MINULÝ ČAS je v nepriamej reči vlastne chápaný ako prítomný. Tieto pravidlá o posune časov sme si spomínali vyššie.)</span></li>
</ul>
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